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Vietnam Sourcing Provinces and Cities Long An
Vietnam Sourcing Provinces and Cities Long An
Long An
1.Forest resource : In 1976 the forestland acreage of Long An province was 93.902 ha, mainly cajeput forest, creating the ecological balance for the whole Dong Thap Muoi. By 1999 the forest area was 37.829 ha, accounting for 8,2% of the natural area of the whole province.
In which: natural forest was 1.553 ha, planted forest was 36.276 ha mainly in districts of Dong Thap Muoi (Tan Hung of 13.731 ha, Tan Thanh of 5.540 ha, Moc Hoa of 4.581 ha, Vinh Hung of 3.035 ha, Thanh Hoa of 2.850 ha, Duc Hoa of 1.243 ha and Duc Hue of 1.072 ha).
In 2000, the area of forest was 44.481 ha. The trees were mainly cajeput, eucalyptus. According to the investigation, on June 2003, the total of centralized planted forest area was 64.462 ha. Total forest reserves were about 71.715 m3 of eucalyptus wood and 29, 77 million of cajeput. Besides, Long An is one of localities with strong movement for growing scattered plants.
Fauna and flora resources of cajeput forest ecosystem in the lower alum plain in Long An had been exploited and destroyed seriously. Then it created changes of ecological conditions, causing environmental pollution, changes of natural living environment of organism, impacting on the stable development process. The basic reason of forest reduction is the organization and exploitation without planning, most of the forestland acreage had been converted into land for rice cultivation.
In future, province should have development policy of cajeput forest ecosystem… At the same time make efforts to maintain some conservation zones for natural forest ecosystem.
2. Mineral
According to result of investigation in 1996, peat was found in districts of Dong Thap Muoi such as Tan Lap - Moc Hoa, Tan Lap - Thanh Hoa (Trap Rung Rinh), Tan Thanh (Tan Hoa commune), Duc Hue (My Quy Tay, Trap Mop Xanh communes). Reserves of peat had changed in each region and the depth of peat layer was from 1,5 to 6 meters. Up to now, no studies have specified accurately the reserves of peat, but it is about 2,5 million tons in estimation.
Peat is a quite good source of raw material to produce products with high economic value. According to analysis and assessment of quality, it is clear that peat in Long An has low ashes, with high humus and high mineral content, which can be used as fuel and fertilizer.
The exploitation of peat will promote oxidization and hydrolysis, creating sulfuric acid, which is a poison affecting plants and living environment.
In addition to peat, the province also has clay mines (poor reserves in the Northern region) which can meet the requirement of exploiting as building materials.
Over the past time, the slack State management has resulted in uncontrolled exploitation of peat from some organizations and individuals, affecting the surrounding environment. In future, it is necessary to organize and exploit more carefully to meet the requirement of economy, without impacting on living environment.
3. Brackish water and ground water resources
The large river system of Long An province connecting with Tien river and Vam Co rivers system is important loading ways and drainage for production as well as for daily life of people.
Vam Co Dong river starts from Cambodia, through Tay Ninh province and to Long An province: area of basin of 6.000 km2, the length through province of 145 km, the depth of 17 - 21 m. Thanks to water source passed from Dau Tieng lake with the flow of 18,5 m3/s, it supplements the irrigation for Duc Hue, Duc Hoa, Ben Luc districts and reduces the process of salinization of Vam Co Dong river through Soai Rap estuary. Vam Co Dong river connects with Vam Co Tay through horizontal channels and connects with Sai Gon, Dong Nai rivers by Thay Cai, An Ha, Rach Tra channels, Ben Luc river.
Vam Co Tay river with the length through province is 186 km, water source is mainly received from Tien river through Hong Ngu channel, satisfying the demand of irrigation for agricultural production and daily life of people.
Vam Co river with 35 km long, 400 m wide, emptying into Soai Rap estuary and flowing to the East Sea is the confluence of Vam Co Dong and Vam Co Tay rivers.
Rach Cat river (Can Giuoc River) situated in Long An province is 32 km long, with a small water flow in dry season and poor water quality due to receiving waste water source from urban area - Ho Chi Minh City, having a great effect on production and daily life of people.
In general, surface water source of Long An is not abundant, the quality of water is inappropriate in certain respects. Therefore, it does not meet the requirement of production and life.
According to assessment, reserves of ground water of Long An are not abundant and their quality is different and quite poor. Most of ground water source is in the depth from 50 - 400 meters under 2 horizones, Pliocene – Miocene.
However, the ground water source of province has many useful minerals which are exploited and served for daily life of people in the whole country.
In heavy rain or flood, with hurricane tide, it has often occurred flood in regions along the banks of river, especially lowland. To exploit efficiently surface water resource in Long An, in addition to channel expansion to create source, it is necessary to build more conservatoires in places where do not have sources.
In future, it is necessary to specify the reserves of ground water source, location, the reproductive capacity to have plan on effective and sustainable exploitation and use.Salt water intrusion
Intruding salt water source into Long An is mainly from the East Sea through Soai Rap estuary due to the semidiurnal tide regime. The East Sea tide in Soai Rap estuary has amplitude of high from 3,5 to 3,9 m. The process of intruding salt water is deeper and longer into the inland. The reason is the strong operation of tide, northeast wind, less water from upstream and especially many exploitations of surface water in dry season. In the past, Vam Co Tay river had been intruded by salt water in Tuyen Nhon of about 5 km, since 1993, it has reached to Vinh Hung. The salinization has started from January to June with 2 - 4 gam/liters. The salinity of Vam Co Dong river has gradually reduced by the influence of Dau Tieng lake.
Besides, the earth tends to be hotter, facilitating sea level raising, developing the salinization deeply to inland.
The salinization has changed the ecological system of region which has been stable for many years, resulting in the influence to production and daily life of people. To reduce this process, should not exploit too much in dry season and the investment in irrigation systems should consider the impact of salt water intrusion on the general ecological system
4 . Alum
Long An is the alum earth of 208.449 ha, accounting for 69,8 % of area of Dong Thap Muoi and accounting for 46,41 % of the natural area of province. At present, there remain 2 low regions - center of alum in Bac Dong and Bo Bo - Mo Vet. There are 2 cycles of acid water in early rainy season (April to July) and the end of rainy season (November to January) every year.
To reduce disadvantages for agricultural production, it is necessary to continue investing and developing irrigation systems to create source, to apply cropping systems, new crop. . . suitable for natural conditions and market mechanism. As reclaiming, it should pay closely attention to lead the alum water source to downstream, damaging the production of riverside regions"
In which: natural forest was 1.553 ha, planted forest was 36.276 ha mainly in districts of Dong Thap Muoi (Tan Hung of 13.731 ha, Tan Thanh of 5.540 ha, Moc Hoa of 4.581 ha, Vinh Hung of 3.035 ha, Thanh Hoa of 2.850 ha, Duc Hoa of 1.243 ha and Duc Hue of 1.072 ha).
In 2000, the area of forest was 44.481 ha. The trees were mainly cajeput, eucalyptus. According to the investigation, on June 2003, the total of centralized planted forest area was 64.462 ha. Total forest reserves were about 71.715 m3 of eucalyptus wood and 29, 77 million of cajeput. Besides, Long An is one of localities with strong movement for growing scattered plants.
Fauna and flora resources of cajeput forest ecosystem in the lower alum plain in Long An had been exploited and destroyed seriously. Then it created changes of ecological conditions, causing environmental pollution, changes of natural living environment of organism, impacting on the stable development process. The basic reason of forest reduction is the organization and exploitation without planning, most of the forestland acreage had been converted into land for rice cultivation.
In future, province should have development policy of cajeput forest ecosystem… At the same time make efforts to maintain some conservation zones for natural forest ecosystem.
2. Mineral
According to result of investigation in 1996, peat was found in districts of Dong Thap Muoi such as Tan Lap - Moc Hoa, Tan Lap - Thanh Hoa (Trap Rung Rinh), Tan Thanh (Tan Hoa commune), Duc Hue (My Quy Tay, Trap Mop Xanh communes). Reserves of peat had changed in each region and the depth of peat layer was from 1,5 to 6 meters. Up to now, no studies have specified accurately the reserves of peat, but it is about 2,5 million tons in estimation.
Peat is a quite good source of raw material to produce products with high economic value. According to analysis and assessment of quality, it is clear that peat in Long An has low ashes, with high humus and high mineral content, which can be used as fuel and fertilizer.
The exploitation of peat will promote oxidization and hydrolysis, creating sulfuric acid, which is a poison affecting plants and living environment.
In addition to peat, the province also has clay mines (poor reserves in the Northern region) which can meet the requirement of exploiting as building materials.
Over the past time, the slack State management has resulted in uncontrolled exploitation of peat from some organizations and individuals, affecting the surrounding environment. In future, it is necessary to organize and exploit more carefully to meet the requirement of economy, without impacting on living environment.
3. Brackish water and ground water resources
The large river system of Long An province connecting with Tien river and Vam Co rivers system is important loading ways and drainage for production as well as for daily life of people.
Vam Co Dong river starts from Cambodia, through Tay Ninh province and to Long An province: area of basin of 6.000 km2, the length through province of 145 km, the depth of 17 - 21 m. Thanks to water source passed from Dau Tieng lake with the flow of 18,5 m3/s, it supplements the irrigation for Duc Hue, Duc Hoa, Ben Luc districts and reduces the process of salinization of Vam Co Dong river through Soai Rap estuary. Vam Co Dong river connects with Vam Co Tay through horizontal channels and connects with Sai Gon, Dong Nai rivers by Thay Cai, An Ha, Rach Tra channels, Ben Luc river.
Vam Co Tay river with the length through province is 186 km, water source is mainly received from Tien river through Hong Ngu channel, satisfying the demand of irrigation for agricultural production and daily life of people.
Vam Co river with 35 km long, 400 m wide, emptying into Soai Rap estuary and flowing to the East Sea is the confluence of Vam Co Dong and Vam Co Tay rivers.
Rach Cat river (Can Giuoc River) situated in Long An province is 32 km long, with a small water flow in dry season and poor water quality due to receiving waste water source from urban area - Ho Chi Minh City, having a great effect on production and daily life of people.
In general, surface water source of Long An is not abundant, the quality of water is inappropriate in certain respects. Therefore, it does not meet the requirement of production and life.
According to assessment, reserves of ground water of Long An are not abundant and their quality is different and quite poor. Most of ground water source is in the depth from 50 - 400 meters under 2 horizones, Pliocene – Miocene.
However, the ground water source of province has many useful minerals which are exploited and served for daily life of people in the whole country.
In heavy rain or flood, with hurricane tide, it has often occurred flood in regions along the banks of river, especially lowland. To exploit efficiently surface water resource in Long An, in addition to channel expansion to create source, it is necessary to build more conservatoires in places where do not have sources.
In future, it is necessary to specify the reserves of ground water source, location, the reproductive capacity to have plan on effective and sustainable exploitation and use.Salt water intrusion
Intruding salt water source into Long An is mainly from the East Sea through Soai Rap estuary due to the semidiurnal tide regime. The East Sea tide in Soai Rap estuary has amplitude of high from 3,5 to 3,9 m. The process of intruding salt water is deeper and longer into the inland. The reason is the strong operation of tide, northeast wind, less water from upstream and especially many exploitations of surface water in dry season. In the past, Vam Co Tay river had been intruded by salt water in Tuyen Nhon of about 5 km, since 1993, it has reached to Vinh Hung. The salinization has started from January to June with 2 - 4 gam/liters. The salinity of Vam Co Dong river has gradually reduced by the influence of Dau Tieng lake.
Besides, the earth tends to be hotter, facilitating sea level raising, developing the salinization deeply to inland.
The salinization has changed the ecological system of region which has been stable for many years, resulting in the influence to production and daily life of people. To reduce this process, should not exploit too much in dry season and the investment in irrigation systems should consider the impact of salt water intrusion on the general ecological system
4 . Alum
Long An is the alum earth of 208.449 ha, accounting for 69,8 % of area of Dong Thap Muoi and accounting for 46,41 % of the natural area of province. At present, there remain 2 low regions - center of alum in Bac Dong and Bo Bo - Mo Vet. There are 2 cycles of acid water in early rainy season (April to July) and the end of rainy season (November to January) every year.
To reduce disadvantages for agricultural production, it is necessary to continue investing and developing irrigation systems to create source, to apply cropping systems, new crop. . . suitable for natural conditions and market mechanism. As reclaiming, it should pay closely attention to lead the alum water source to downstream, damaging the production of riverside regions"
